The staff of the Policy Studies Institute gathered at its premises on March 4, 2024, to celebrate Adwa Victory Day.The opening ceremony of the celebration was graced by His Excellency, Prof. Beyene Petros, who emphasized the magnificence of the Adwa victory to all Ethiopians, Africans, and people of African descent around the world.
Mrs. Sara, Prof. Beyene and Dr. Tadesse(LR)
His Excellency, Prof. Beyene highlighted that Italy's colonization attempt in Ethiopia was based on the pretext of civilizing the supposedly backward people of Ethiopia. However, our courageous forefathers successfully resisted and defeated the invader at the historic Battle of Adwa.
His Excellency, Prof. Beyene Petros, DG of PSI
In addition, His Excellency, Prof. Beyene, expressed his appreciation for the recently inaugurated Adwa Museum located in the downtown area of Piassa. He described the museum as "an extraordinary establishment, akin to another city within the city." The museum boasts various halls, exhibition centers, and entertainment venues that offer visitors an immersive experience into the rich history and significance of the Battle of Adwa.
During the celebration, Prof. Beyene, reminisced about the 100th anniversary of Adwa and shared his personal experience. He mentioned that during that time, he served as a member of the Ethiopian House of Parliament. He expressed his amazement at how the years have swiftly passed, bringing him to the 128th Adwa Victory Day celebration.
Following the opening ceremony, a dedicated staff member of the Policy Studies Institute, Mr. Getahun Andualum, recited a captivating poem that vividly recounted the heroic Battle of Adwa. Through powerful words and imagery, the poem captured the bravery, sacrifice, and triumph of the Ethiopian soldiers.
Mr. Getahun Andualem reciting his poem.
Continuing the program, Dr. Adane Kassie, an expert in Ethiopian history, delivered a presentation on the historical genesis, trajectories, and significance of the Battle of Adwa. His enlightening presentation delved into the context and events that led to the battle, highlighting its profound impact on Ethiopian history and its symbolism in the fight against colonialism.
Dr. Adane Kassie delivered an insightful presentation, highlighting the significance of Adwa as a landmark event not only for Ethiopia but also for Africa as a whole. He emphasized the pivotal roles played by Emperor Menelik, Empress Tayitu, other nobles, the courageous fighters, and the strategic advantage of the mountains of Adwa in the battle.
Dr. Adane Kassie, Staff of Policy Studies Institute , PhD in History
Expanding his perspective, Dr. Adane provided a historical narrative that spanned Africa's history since the 15th century. He discussed how European powers, under the pretext of studying the "Geography of Societies," meticulously planned to colonize Africa. He elucidated the concept of colonialism, emphasizing its exploitative nature and the detrimental impact it had on African nations.
Dr. Adane underlined that the Berlin Conferenc, was the immediate cause of the scramble for Africa. He mentioned the long-held plan of European powers to colonise Africa. He explained how Italy, driven by imperial ambitions, first invaded the northern part of Ethiopia and subsequently attempted to penetrate the main highland.
The presentation by Dr. Adane shed light on the historical context surrounding the Battle of Adwa and the broader dynamics of colonialism in Africa. It emphasized the resilience and determination of the Ethiopian people in successfully defending their independence and standing against the forces of colonization. The insights provided by Dr. Adane served to deepen the understanding of Adwa's significance and its enduring impact on Ethiopian and African history.
Dr. Adane explained in detail that the Battle of Adwa that was a significant event in African history as it resulted in the defeat of the Italian colonial forces and ensured Ethiopia's continued sovernighty.
During the late 19th century, European powers were engaged in the scramble for Africa, seeking to establish colonies and expand their influence on the continent. Italy had territorial ambitions in East Africa and sought to establish control over Ethiopia.
Italy had previously signed the Treaty of Wuchale with Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia in 1889, which contained ambiguous language in the Amharic and Italian versions regarding the extent of Italian control over Ethiopian territory. This led to a dispute over the interpretation of the treaty and provided Italy with a pretext to invade.
Next, Italy declared war on Ethiopia and launched an invasion from its colony in Eritrea. The Battle of Adwa resulted in a decisive Ethiopian victory. The victory at Adwa had profound implications. It preserved Ethiopia's independence, making it the only African nation to successfully resist colonization during the Scramble for Africa. The battle also had wider significance as it inspired other colonized peoples around the world in their struggle against European imperialism.
The Battle of Adwa remains a symbol of Ethiopian national pride . It serves as a reminder of the country's resilience and determination to defend its sovereignty against foreign aggression.
Dr. Adane also explained the significant of Adwa to Ethiopia and Africa. First, the victory at Adwa ensured the preservation of Ethiopia's sovereignty. It was a momentous event as it marked the first time in the modern era that an African nation successfully resisted colonization and defeated a European colonial power. In a time when European powers were aggressively expanding their colonial empires in Africa, Ethiopia stood as a symbol of African sovereignty and inspired other African nations in their struggle against colonialism.
The Battle of Adwa also became a powerful symbol of African resistance against European imperialism. The victory shattered the prevailing belief in European invincibility and demonstrated that Africans were capable of organizing and defeating well-equipped colonial forces. The impact of Adwa extended beyond Ethiopia's borders, inspiring other colonized peoples across Africa and the world. It instilled a sense of pride, self-confidence, and determination in their fight for liberation, fostering a pan-African spirit of resistance.
Adwa marked a significant moment in the history of Ethiopian diplomacy, pan-Africanism and African identity. The battle showcased the strength and unity of diverse Ethiopian forces, comprised of people from different regions and ethnic groups, who fought together under the banner of Ethiopian nationalism. It emphasized the importance of solidarity and cooperation among Africans in the face of external threats. Adwa's legacy played a crucial role in shaping the collective consciousness of Africans, fostering a sense of shared identity and inspiring future generations to strive for unity and collaboration in the pursuit of common goals.
The triumph at Adwa had a profound influence on the pan-African consciousness and subsequent independence movements in Africa. It served as a beacon of hope and inspiration for African leaders and activists, fueling their aspirations for self-determination and freedom from colonial rule. The battle demonstrated that African nations had the strength and capability to resist and defeat colonial powers. Adwa provided a blueprint for future liberation struggles, showcasing the importance of strategic planning, unity, and resilience in the face of adversity.
On the global stage, the Battle of Adwa brought international attention to Ethiopia and its resistance against colonization. It gained respect and admiration from many nations, challenging prevailing racist narratives that underestimated African capabilities.
His Excellency, Prof. Beyene, emphasized that the victory of Adwa was not solely achieved by men, but also by women. He recognized the pivotal role played by Ethiopian women during the battle, both as active combatants and as supporters on the home front. Their contributions were instrumental in securing the historic triumph at Adwa, and their bravery and resilience deserve equal recognition and celebration.
H.E. Prof. Beyene also commented how to celebrate Adwa victory day making the day as day of all Ethiopians. Celebrating Adwa Victory Day as a day of unity and pride for all Ethiopians requires various initiatives to ensure inclusivity. He said Adwa Victory Day should provide an opportunity for reflection and gratitude. Encouraging Ethiopians to take a moment to express appreciation for the sacrifices made by Ethiopian soldiers and leaders during the battle fosters a sense of national pride and unity. Reflection on the importance of unity, resilience, and the preservation of Ethiopian independence helps reinforce the significance of Adwa in shaping Ethiopian history and identity.
By embracing various initiatives, Adwa Victory Day can truly become a day of national unity, pride, and celebration for all Ethiopians. It honors the legacy of the Battle of Adwa and its profound significance in Ethiopian history, ensuring that the day is inclusive and meaningful to all Ethiopians.